What defines a deterministic model?

A deterministic model is characterized by the fact that all uncontrollable inputs are known and do not change. This means that the outcomes or results produced by the model can be precisely determined based on these fixed inputs. In such models, every aspect is predictable, allowing for well-defined decision-making as the relationships between variables are established and constant.

In the context of decision-making, knowing that all inputs are fixed and under control simplifies the analysis and facilitates clear strategic planning because it removes any uncertainty about how factors will interact. This leads to straightforward forecasting and optimization since outcomes can be reliably calculated.

The other choices highlight concepts that do not align with the definition of deterministic models: models with random inputs introduce uncertainty, constraints are essential in defining the boundaries of an optimization problem rather than being nonexistent, and adjustable inputs would imply variability that contradicts the determinism principle.